Start with the tile, building and robber
Confirm that the dice total matches the number on the tile and that your settlement or city actually touches it. Then check whether the robber occupies that tile. A blocked tile produces nothing, even when an unblocked tile with the same number pays normally.
A settlement normally claims one card from each matching adjacent tile; a city claims two. Two matching tiles can create multiple claims for the same player. Supply checks consider those claims together for each resource type.
Insufficient supply can stop that resource’s payout
When multiple players are due the same resource and the bank cannot satisfy the total claims, none of those players receives that resource for the roll. Other resource types are resolved separately and can still pay.
For example, two players each expecting two ore need four ore in total. If the bank has three, it does not choose one player to favour or pay one each: that ore payout is withheld. This prevents the order of processing from deciding who gets the scarce cards.
A sole recipient takes the available remainder
If only one player is due a resource, that player can receive the cards that remain even when the bank cannot pay their full claim. A city expecting two grain from a bank holding one can receive that one, provided nobody else is also owed grain.
The distinction is the number of receiving players, not the number of their buildings. Several matching buildings owned by the same player still make that player the sole recipient for the resource.
Spending restores the bank
Roads, buildings and development-card purchases return their costs to the bank. Discards and bank exchanges also move cards back into supply. Player-to-player trades move resources between hands without replenishing the bank.
If a resource has run dry, watch for opponents spending it and plan around the supply that is actually available. Year of Plenty and maritime trades cannot request unavailable cards; Monopoly draws from opponents instead and follows a different rule.